New Delhi: A recent assessment by the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) has highlighted ongoing developments in India’s nuclear deterrence capabilities and modernization efforts.

According to SIPRI, India continues to maintain a policy of “credible minimum deterrence” and a declared “No First Use” doctrine while gradually enhancing the operational readiness of certain strategic systems.

The report estimates that India possesses approximately 190 nuclear warheads and has continued to modernize delivery platforms across land, air, and sea-based systems. SIPRI notes that some capabilities may be maintained at a higher state of readiness compared to earlier years, although official details regarding deployment status are not publicly disclosed by the Government of India.

Defence analysts cited in various studies have linked these developments to India’s efforts to strengthen its nuclear triad, which consists of land-based missiles, aircraft, and sea-based platforms. The sea-based component is considered particularly important for ensuring a credible second-strike capability.

The report also discusses broader regional security dynamics, including strategic developments in Asia and advancements in military technologies by neighbouring countries.

India’s nuclear command structure remains under civilian control through the Nuclear Command Authority, with decisions regarding the use of nuclear weapons resting with the country’s political leadership.

Experts note that strategic modernization programmes are intended to strengthen deterrence and maintain national security in a changing geopolitical environment. However, official agencies have not publicly confirmed several operational assessments contained in independent international reports.

As global security challenges continue to evolve, nuclear deterrence policies and strategic stability remain important subjects of discussion among defence experts and policymakers worldwide.