The landscape of Indian federalism has undergone a significant transformation since Narendra Modi took office, diverging sharply from the vision of a cooperative ‘union of states’ that the framers of the Constitution had in mind. Recent developments highlight a concerning trend marked by the increasing marginalization of parliamentary processes and the exclusion of opposition leaders and state chief ministers from crucial dialogues regarding governance and policy.

One of the most pointed illustrations of this shift is the recent attempt by the central government to introduce a constitutional amendment aimed at nationwide delimitation of parliamentary constituencies. This move, which could potentially reduce the number of seats allocated to southern states, has sparked widespread criticism and raised alarms about the balance of power within the federation. The absence of meaningful consultation with state leaders reflects a growing trend of unilateral decision-making by the central authority, undermining the principles of federalism.

Moreover, the judiciary’s role as a guardian of constitutional rights appears to be wavering, as evidenced by its increasingly weak and uncertain defenses against encroachments on civil liberties. The government has also employed various institutions, including the Election Commission, to scrutinize citizenship statuses, raising concerns about the politicization of these bodies and their ability to operate independently. Such actions contribute to a climate of fear and uncertainty among citizens regarding their fundamental rights.

The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), originally designed to empower citizens with the right to work, has seen its character change drastically. Once a guaranteed entitlement funded by the central government, it has now morphed into a discretionary program, placing financial burdens on state governments. This shift is emblematic of a broader trend where welfare schemes are repackaged, transforming citizens’ rights into mere privileges bestowed by the Prime Minister, thereby diminishing the role of state governments in welfare provision.

Furthermore, the political landscape has witnessed questionable tactics employed to secure dominance in various states, often at the expense of democratic processes. The rise of crony capitalism, where economic benefits are disproportionately funneled to a select few, has further exacerbated inequalities within society. Alongside this, the growing criminalization of dissent poses a direct threat to democracy, as voices of opposition are stifled and marginalized. These trends collectively shake the foundations of democracy and challenge the essence of India’s federal character.

As we reflect on the current state of Indian federalism, it becomes evident that the balance of power between the Centre and the states is under significant strain. The erosion of collaborative governance and the increased centralization of power have profound implications for the democratic fabric of the nation. Moving forward, it is crucial for all stakeholders, including political leaders, citizens, and civil society, to engage in meaningful dialogue to restore the foundational principles of federalism envisioned by the Constitution’s framers.