The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (El Niño) is a climate pattern characterized by the warming of sea surface temperatures in the central and eastern Pacific Ocean. This phenomenon can disrupt global weather systems, including India’s monsoon cycle.

During El Niño conditions, trade winds tend to weaken, which can affect the movement of moisture toward the Indian subcontinent. As a result, India may experience a delayed or below-normal southwest monsoon. Weather experts often associate El Niño years with higher temperatures and reduced rainfall in several regions.

Such conditions can put pressure on water resources, increase electricity demand, and impact agriculture. Farmers may face challenges due to changes in sowing cycles and potential reduction in crop yields, particularly for water-dependent crops.

Heatwaves linked to these climate patterns can also affect public health. Prolonged exposure to high temperatures may lead to dehydration, heat exhaustion, and heatstroke, especially among vulnerable groups such as children, the elderly, and outdoor workers. In addition, water shortages, increased power consumption, and environmental stress such as forest fires can further affect daily life and economic activity.

How to Stay Safe During Heatwaves

While heatwaves cannot be prevented, their impact can be reduced by taking basic precautions:

• Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water and fluids like ORS or coconut water
• Avoid going बाहर during peak heat hours (12 PM to 4 PM)
• Wear light-colored, loose cotton clothing
• Use protective items like hats or umbrellas when outdoors
• Keep indoor spaces cool by proper ventilation
• Eat light and water-rich foods such as fruits and curd
• Seek medical attention immediately if symptoms like dizziness, कमजोरी, or high fever occur